ARTICLES & RESEARCH

• Scheuermann's disease in patients 15-40 years old: A study to determine its prevalence and its relationship with age and sex using chest radiographs as screening tool (PubMed 2018)​

​

• What treatments can help with Scheuermann's disease? (Medical News Today, 2022)

​

• Scheuermann's Kyphosis (physio-pedia.com)

​

• Scheuermann disease (NIH/Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center, GARD)

​

• Treatment approaches for Scheuermann kyphosis: a systematic review of historic and current management (PubMed 2019)

​

• Trends in Treatment of Scheuermann Kyphosis: A Study of 1,070 Cases From 2003 to 2012 (PubMed2019)

​

• Research in Scheuermann’s Kyphosis - Harms Study Group, Setting Scoliosis Straight

​

• The Mode of Inheritance of Scheuermann’s Disease (BioMed Research International 2013)

​

• Scheuermann’s Hyperkyphosis – Posterior-Only Surgical Approach Using the Smith-Petersen Osteotomies, M. REPKO1, M. FILIPOVIČ1, A. ŠPRLÁKOVÁ-PUKOVÁ,2, P. ŠTOURAČ,3, (Czech Republic, 2018)

​

• National Library of Medicine - Scheuermann’s Disease, 2023 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499966/​

​

• Scheuermann’s disease (AAPMR-American Academy of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation), 2023 - https://now.aapmr.org/scheuermanns-disease/

​

• Scheuermann’s kyphosis, 2021 - https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1266349-overview?form=fpf#showall

​

• Scheuermann's disease - A genetic and linkage study, 1992 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1015820/

​

• İzmir Online Neurosurgery, lecture, Mehdian: Scheuermann Disease 04.12.2023​ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLBnMC_iCkQ

​

• Atypical Scheuermann's disease with severe kyphosis and negative sagittal balance in the thoracolumbar region: A case report and literature review, 2023 - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210261223007472

​

• A Novel Surgical Indication for Scheuermann’s Kyphosis; Jason J. Haselhuhn, DO,corresponding author Kari Odland, DAT, ATC, LAT, Paul Brian O. Soriano, MD, MBA, Kristen E. Jones, MD, and David W. Polly, Jr, MD

​

• Spinal malalignment: the rationale for updated terminology for patients with spinal deformity; Alan H. Daniels, MD, Mariah Balmaceno-Criss, BS, Sarah L. Criddle, MD, Mohammed Daher, BS, Eli Y. Adashi, MD, MS, Bassel Diebo, MD

​

• Quality of Life Improvement Following Surgery in Adolescent Spinal Deformity Patients: A Comparison Between Scheuermann Kyphosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30348343/

​

• Excellent and thorough article explaining Robotic Spine Surgery 

​

• Vitamin D deficiency in Scheuermann's disease is associated with increased adverse outcomes - it is important to note that there is still more research that needs to be done to determine how, why and what impact low vitamin D levels have on Scheuermann's patients. 

​

• Spinal deformity surgery in Scheuermann’s kyphosis versus adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: meta-analysis of complications and clinical outcomes​

​

• What You Need to Know About Robotic Spine Surgery

​

• What Is Cervicogenic Headache?

​

• Basivertebral Nerve Ablation Explained Step-by-Step

​

• Scheuermann’s Disease can be Repopulated Using Blood from the Vertebra and Immature Stem Cells

​

• Bone Graft for Spine Fusion

​

• A Guide to Spinal Fusion Recovery

​

Important NEW research​ study focusing on the impact of Scheuermann's in adult patients has recently been released and published: "Beyond the curve: the mental health burden of Scheuermann's kyphosis". This study is authored by Dr. Alan Daniels of Brown University and the Orthopedic Spine Lab of Brown University. The Scheuermann's Disease Fund is proud to be part of this collaborative effort along with Sanford Research and their CoRDS program.

Here are links to the abstract and study in PDF format in its entirety (PLEASE CONSIDER SHARING):
Beyond the curve: the mental health burden of Scheuermann's kyphosis.

​

​​

​

​

• Scheuermann's Kyphosis: a 39-year follow-up from diagnosis in non-operated patients, 2020, "We found a lower HRQOL in adult patients with SK 39 years after diagnosis regarding SRS-22r domains pain and self-image, and a tendency toward lower overall HRQOL compared with a background population”

• Long-term follow-up of untreated Scheuermann’s kyphosis, 2021, "SRS-22 and SF-36 scores were lower, and ODI was greater in patients with untreated SK compared to normative data. Long-term progression of untreated SK was 0.45o/year (n=47). Increasing SVA correlated with worse SF-36 physical function, SRS-22 function, SRS-22 pain, and higher ODI scores. Total kyphosis (TK) and cSVA were independent predictors of low SRS self-image."

• Scheuermann's Disease in Young Adults: A Case Report, 2022, case study

• Untreated Scheuermann's disease: a 37-year follow-up study, 2022, "Scheuermann's patients had a higher risk for back pain and disabilities during activities of daily living than controls.”

• Scheuermann's kyphosis: update on pathophysiology and surgical treatment, 2022, "SK is a disease whose etiology is still unknown. It has a wide spectrum and a lot of differential diagnoses. It usually presents with pain and most of the times imaging techniques along the clinical exam are needed to diagnose it. An MRI is usually needed before undergoing surgery due to the high rates of association with intracanal anomalies. Indications for surgical or conservative treatment are still unclear.”

• Health-related quality of life outcomes in adolescent Scheuermann’s kyphosis patients treated with posterior spinal fusion: A comparison with age- and sex-matched controls, 2022, "In conclusion, the health-related quality of life and radiological measurements of SK patients improved after the surgery during 2-year follow-up time. The greatest improvement was observed in pain and self-image as measured with SRS-24 questionnaire. The scores in pain and activity reached the level of healthy control group, whereas the self-image and function remained significantly lower.”

• What is Scheuermann’s Disease?, 2022, Dr. Jason Lowenstein, Medical Advisory Board Member

• Scheuermann Disease, 2023, CE Activity and "it is important and medically prudent to notify the patient and family members early in their course of care of the potential for long-term sequela and the unpredictable nature of things such as chronic back pain associated with the condition.”

• Scheuermann Kyphosis: Current Concepts and Management, 2023, "Treatment is based on magnitude of deformity and symptoms”

• Scheuermann disease, 2023, "Scheuermann’s disease is a rare but extremely important pathological condition, considering its physical and life quality restrains. Complex spine diseases constitute challenges in neurosurgery and orthopedics management.There is the need to increase healthcare professionals and students’ awareness of this deformative disease and its potential implications for the patient’s health and daily activities.”

• The effect of Scheuermann's kyphosis on rib cage morphology: A skeletal study, 2024, "SK affects the morphology of the entire thorax and changes rib proportions similarly in males and females. These changes might have a role in bipedal stability and locomotion efficiency"

• The Natural History of Scheuermann's Kyphosis, 2025

• Assessing the biomechanics of scheuermann’s kyphosis affected thoracolumbar spine in forward flexion at the tissue-level using a finite element model, 2025, "Our findings suggest that patients with TLK exhibit elevated and uneven von Mises stress distributions in peri-spinal tissues during forward flexion. This altered mechanical loading may increase the risk of accelerated degeneration, tissue injury, and the development of chronic low back pain. These biomechanical insights can inform early clinical screening, personalized rehabilitation strategies, and surgical planning to better manage and mitigate risks associated with thoracolumbar kyphosis.”

• Surgical Strategies and Challenges in Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: A Comprehensive Review, 2025

• Scheuermann's Kyphosis: Case Series and Literature Review, 2025, "The goal should always be to individualize treatment, considering the severity of the deformity, the response to conservative treatment, and the potential for disease progression.”

• Insights into the Pathophysiology of Scheuermann’s Kyphosis: From Structural Deformities to Genetic Predisposition and Underlying Signalling Pathways, 2025, "Conflicting data regarding osteoporosis, outdated techniques, and small sample sizes continue to hinder definitive conclusions"

and

• Insights into the Pathophysiology of Scheuermann's Kyphosis: From Structural Deformities to Genetic Predisposition and Underlying Signalling Pathways, 2025, "Recent in vivo findings suggest an association between asymmetric mechanosensory activation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), contacting neurons, and defective Reissner fibre signalling, which may contribute to abnormal spinal morphogenesis in the sagittal thoracic plane. These findings indicate a potential link between altered CSF dynamics and the development of SK.”

• Pelvic Incidence is Not Fixed: Postoperative Changes in Thoracolumbar Scheuermann’s Kyphosis Compared With Thoracic Type, 2025, not peer reviewed, "Surgical correction achieves restoration of global sagittal balance in both TSK and TLSK. PI, long considered immutable, may increase postoperatively in TLSK, highlighting its dynamic behavior. Comprehensive preoperative assessment of sagittal alignment—particularly PI and LL—is crucial for optimal surgical planning in Scheuermann kyphosis.”

• Patients with Scheuermann’s Kyphosis have a Lower Pelvic Incidence but Higher Lumbar Lordosis than Young Asymptomatic Volunteers: A HARMS and MEANS Study, 2025, "The global sagittal alignment in SK patients is inherently different at baseline than that of a young asymptomatic population"

​